The Civil War (1861-1865) determined...	the social consciousness of the nation.
The Civil War resolved two fundamental questions unresolved:	-Whether the USA was to be a confederation of sovereign states. -A nation with a sovereign national government that could not be broken up.
The Civil War started..	because of uncompromising differences between the slave free states in the nort- which had advanced in industralisation and so no longer used slaves- and the states in the south - still depended heavily on slaves to maintain their land-dependent economies.
When Abraham Lincoln won the presidental election in 1860 as the first Republican president on a platform pledging to remove the institution of slavery...	seven slave states in the deep south which refused to accept the abolition of slavery officially withdrew from and formed a new nation: the Confederate States of America owing to their determination to mantain slavery.
Abraham Lincoln was assasinated by...	John Wikes Booth in Washington D.C, on April 14, 1865
The event that triggered the American Civil War was...	the bombardment of Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbour, South Carolina, by Confederate soldiers.
The Union navy established	a base for a blackade to shut off the Confederacy's access to the outside world.
By 1864...	the original government goal of a limited war to restore the Union was abandoned with a new strategy of "total war" to destroy the Old South and its institution of slavery, a "new birth of freedom" as President Lincoln put in his famous address speech at Gettysburg.
By the spring of 1865,	all the principal Confederate armies surrendered
The Northern States	won the Civil War and preserved the United States as one nation and ended the institution of slavery at the cost of 625000 lives.
The American Civil War was...	the largest and most destructive conflict in the Western world between the end of Napoleonic War in 1815 and the onset of World War I in 1914
After the Revolutionary War (1776-1783)	the new US Constitution acknowledge the institution of slavery, and each slave was declared to be worth three-fifths of a white person.
The three-fifths compromise meant that...	the Southern states got more electoral votes-as they had huge numbers of slaves.
The representation received in the House of Representatives and the Electoral College...	would be based on population but the issue of slavery was an abstacle to any agreement between the North and the South states. Delegates from Northern states, objected to the three-fifths statement on the grounds that enslaved people could not vote.
Why the three-fifths had a major impact on U.S politics for decades to come?	Because it allowed the Southern states to have a disproportionate influence on the presidency, the supreme court, and other positions of power.
At the end of the Civil War in 1865,	The 13th Amendment of the US Constitution of 1865 abolished slavery. The 14th Amendment was ratified on July 9, 1868, and granted citizenship to "all persons born or naturalized in the USA" which included former slaves recently freed, who were given equal rights and greatly expanded the protection of civil rights to all Americans.
The repeal of the three-fifths gave the South..	more represetation since the members of the formerly enslaved African-American population now had full status as citizens- and so, the Southern states, who had a far greater number of slaves, therefore had more voting rights.
However, ex-slaves were still	denied full benefits of having US citizenship. The South enacted laws such as "grandfather clauses"
Grandfather clause meant that...	you could not vote unless your grandfather had voted an impossibility for most people whose ancestors were slaves. This was made illgeal in 1915 by the Supreme Court
Congress members from other regions tried to...	reduce the South's voting power because African-Americans were being stripped of their voting rights there, but a propal in 1900 to do this never materialized. Ironically, this is because the South had more representation and votes in Congress and had voted against any proposal to reduce their power in Congress.

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The American Civil War

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