Agar composition of liquid media.	No agar content.
Agar composition of semi-solid media.	0.5% - 1% agar
Agar composition of solid media.	2% - 3% agar
Composition of agar.	D-galactose 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose D-glucuronic acid	Derived from red algae.
Melting point of agar.	80°C - 90°C
Solidifying point of agar.	40°C - 50°C
Cooling temperature for distribution of culture media into Petri dishes.	55°C to 60°C
Amount of molten agar to be placed on sterile Petri plates.	20 to 25 mL.
Culture media according to composition.	Synthetic (defined) Non-synthetic (complex) Tissue culture
Media where all components are known.	Synthetic (defined) media	Preferred for the isolation of cyanobacteria and chemo-organotrophs.
Media where some components are unknown (peptones, meat, yeast extracts).	Non-synthetic (complex) media
Human cervical tissue cells used in tissue culture media.	HeLa 229 cells	Cells from Henrietta Lacks.
A fibroblast cell line used in tissue culture medium derived from mice and is useful for the isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis.	McCoy cells
Used in tissue culture media for the propagation of Rickettsia.	Embryonated eggs
Culture media according to dispense/distribution.	Plated media Tube media
Culture media according to use.	General purpose Enrichment Enriched/non-selective Differential Selective Special
Media according to use that is routine in the lab. without additional supplements.	General purpose media	Usually composed of meat and soybean extracts.
Media according to use that is liquid-type containing specific nutrients without additional supplements.	Enrichment media	Incubated for a certain period and then subculture to isolate desired organism.
Media according to use that is solid-type with additional supplements such as blood, vitamins, and yeast extracts for fastidious organisms.	Enriched/non-selective media
Media according to use that allow visualization of metabolic differences between groups of bacteria.	Differential media
Media according to use, incorporated with antibiotics, dyes, or chemicals to inhibit growth of other organisms.	Selective media
Substances added to selective media to inhibit Gram (+) bacteria.	Crystal violet Bile salts Carbol fuchsin
Substances added to selective media to inhibit Gram (-) bacteria.	Potassium tellurite Sodium azide
Substances added to selective media to inhibit swarming of Proteus.	Alcohol Chloral hydrate
General support enrichment media promoting growth of almost all non-fastidious bacteria.	Thioglycolate
Adjusted pH of Alkaline peptone water that is best for Vibrio spp. before the bacteria are inoculated into the TCBS agar.	pH 8.4
Composition of XLD agar.	Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate salt (0.25%) Sodium thiosulfate Sucrose
Salmonella in XLD agar.	Red/colorless with black centers
Shigella in XLD agar.	Red/colorless without black centers.
Media according to use, that isolates bacteria with specific growth requirements such as Löwenstein-Jensen media.	Special media
Media according to consistency.	Liquid media Semi-solid media Solid media
4 classification of culture media.	According to consistency According to composition According to dispense According to use
3 types of culture.	Pure Mixed Stock
Type of culture containing a single species.	Pure culture
Type of culture containing more than one species.	Mixed culture
Type of culture that is composed of several species contained in a separate culture medium (1 species per culture medium).	Stock culture
Composition of Löwenstein-Jensen media.	Whole eggs Malachite green
A culture medium where sterilization is boiling, never autoclaving.	TCBS agar (thiosulfate-citrate-bile salt-sucrose)
Both aerobic and anaerobic culture bottles have the same basic components but anaerobic bottle had one extra component. What is it?	0.5% cysteine
Quality control of culture media.	A representative uninoculated sample of each batch of media preparation is incubated overnight at 35°C after plating/transferring the media to tubes to observe the presence of contaminants.
Specimens that are inoculated directly into the culture media. (PUSS)	Pus Urine Sputum Sterile body fluids
Most common manner of inoculation techniques.	Streaking
An inoculation technique usually performed with Group A streptococci to create anaerobiosis and promote sub-surface hemolysis.	Stabbing
Inoculation manner for IV catheter.	1. Transfer into a thioglycolate tube. 2. Roll over the tip onto solid culture media 4 times. 3. Streak out.
Inoculation technique used for antimicrobial susceptibility test (disk diffusion).	Overlapping inoculation
Manner of inoculation for culture plates.	Inoculating loop is sterilized and allowed to cool thoroughly before use.
Manner of inoculation for urine culture.	Inoculating loop is flamed between agar plates to prevent carry-over contamination.
Inoculation technique for isolation of pathogens sensitive to drying/extreme temperature but specimen is more susceptible to contamination.	Bedside inoculation
Factor to consider in the selection of culture media for inoculation.	Source/anatomical site of specimen
Special media which its sterilization is inspissation, not autoclaving.	Löwenstein-Jensen media
If more than one agar plate in used, the manner of inoculation should be:	Start inoculation from non-selective to selective agars.
Reducing agents incorporated when using special culture media for anaerobic cultivation.	Thioglycolate Cysteine
No anaerobic chamber is available for anaerobic cultivation, you can use:	Gas-Pak jar Anaerobic biobags w/ palladium catalyst
Component of anaerobic chamber acting as a filler for the remaining percentage of the anaerobic atmosphere.	Nitrogen gas
Component of anaerobic chamber that facilitates growth and isolation of anaerobes.	Hydrogen gas CO2 gas
Component of anaerobic chamber that removes residual oxygen from the chamber by combining with hydrogen to form water.	Palladium catalyst pellets
Component of anaerobic chamber that absorbs water that is formed when hydrogen combines with the free oxygen.	Silica gel (dessicant)
Component of anaerobic chamber as an oxygen-reduction indicator that becomes colorless in the absence of oxygen.	Methylene blue/reazurin
Ideal anaerobic incubation system.	Gloveless chamber
Type of gloves used in anaerobic chamber.	Neoprene gloves
Explain the relationship of CO2 and oxygen contents in an anaerobic incubator.	If CO2 is increased to 10%, oxygen is lowered to 18%.
Gas-Pak jars differ from anaerobic chamber.	Same components but gases in Gas-Pak jars are in envelope pouch.
A water-treated Gas-Pak jar produces these gases.	Hydrogen gas CO2 gas	After water is added with water in the envelope pouch, anaerobiosis takes 30 mins. to 1 hour.
A waterless Gas-Pak jar only produces this gas.	CO2 gas
"Poisoned" catalyst or a crack in the O-ring of Gas-Pak.	Anaerobic condition failed to achieve.
Main disadvantage of anaerobic jar.	Plates have to be removed from the jar every time it is examined.
Growth grading on Plate: 4+	Growth up to 4th quadrant (heavy)
Growth grading on Plate: 3+	Growth up to the 3rd quadrant (moderate)
Growth grading on Plate: 2+	Growth in 2nd quadrant (few)
Growth grading on Plate: 1+	Growth in 1st quadrant only (rare)
Ideal incubation temperature for most bacteria.	35-37°C
Initial reading of aerobic cultures.	After 18 hrs. incubation
Initial reading of anaerobic cultures.	After 1-2 days incubation.
Incubation of blood culture bottles for manual method.	7 days
Incubation of blood culture bottles for automated method.	5 days
Blood culture bottles in automated method increases oxygenation of the broth by:	Exposure to mechanical agitation.
Incubation period for slow-growing bacteria such as Mycobacterium for colonies to appear visible.	2-4 weeks
Production of CO2 gas only in blood culture bottles at automated system.	BACTEC system
Production of hydrogen, CO2, and O2 gases in blood culture bottles at automated system.	VersaTREK system
Generation time of E. coli in culture media.	20 mins.
Generation time of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in culture media.	1 day
Stage of bacterial growth where: no cell division no cell mass increase *adjustment to new environment	Lag phase (rejuvenescence)
Stage of bacterial growth where: microorganisms actively divide/grow good for testing	Log phase (exponential)
Stage of bacterial growth where: cell division = dying organisms number of viable microbes remain constant metabolic activities of cells slow down dead debris starts accumulating	Stationary phase (plateau)
Stage of bacterial growth where: number of dead cells > living microorganisms loss of nutrients *increase amount of toxic waste	Death phase (decline)
Doubling of the cell number.	Generation
Time required for bacteria to double their cell number.	Generation time (doubling)
Most common asexual reproductive process where a single cell divides into two daughter cells after developing a transverse cell wall.	Transverse binary fission
Methods for measuring bacterial growth as: most commonly used determines the CFU/mL of bacteria *measures number of viable cells	Plate count
Method for measuring bacterial growth where: measured volume of bacterial suspension placed on a microscope slide do not distinguish between living and dead cells	Microscopic count
Method for measuring bacterial growth where: uses milipore filter enumerates bacteria in food and water (lakes, streams)	Membrane filter
Method for measuring bacterial growth where: require 10 - 100 million cells/mL used to prepare the standard inoculum for antimicrobial test.	Turbidimetric method (cell mass)
Method for measuring bacterial growth where: *for fungi	Dry weight determination (cell mass)
Microscopic count for prokaryotes only.	Petroff-Hausser counter
Microscopic count for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.	Hemocytometer
Method for measuring bacterial growth where: *enumerates bacteria in milk.	Biochemical activity
Growth patterns: scanty amount butyrous/butter-like *pigmented	Agar slant
Growth pattern: turbid pellicle (film) *accumulated sediment	Nutrient broth
Growth patterns: thread-like string of pearl rhizoid arborescent (tree-like) echinulate (spiny) effuse (spreading growth)	Gelatin slant
Manual procedure of blood culture bottle examines bacterial growth through:	Turbidity Hemolysis
Automated method of blood culture bottles examines bacterial growth through:	Gas production

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