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Types of knowledge
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Each type refers to a different subject's attitude towards the known object.
They Represent different possibilities of acquiring knowledge. |
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Skepticism
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Key Word: DOUBTFUL
Comes from the greek Skeptis (investigation). Philosophical doctrine that express doubt about the possibility of reaching an objective truth. It can't give a definite proof of the incognoscibility of things. Important philosophers: Pyrrho (considered the first skeptic), Sextus Empiricus and Pascal. |
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Relativisim
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Key Word: EVASIVE
Philosophical doctrine that denies the existence of objective and absolute truths, sustaining, therefore, that everything must depend of mankind, society, the moment, etc. Important philosophers: The sophists, Schiller, Oswald Spengler and It’s usually believed that Albert Einstein’s scientific relativism justifies its application in any life aspect |
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Pragnatism
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Key Word: PRACTICAL
Philosophical position that identifies truth with its practical consequences, that is, the truth of an affirmation equals to utility. The utility must be measured in terms of knowledge, instead of material benefits, otherwise... Important thinkers: Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, John Dewey and every scientist when explaining physical reality. |
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Dogmatism
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Key Word: NAIVE
Belief that the human intellect is able to reach the absolute certainty and the knowledge of the reality just as it is. It takes sustained beliefs as if they were demonstrated truths. |
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Criticism
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Key Word: CRITICAL
Doctrine that affirms that the true knowledge, in case it is possible, will be only reached though the rational critic. Criticism affirms that all knowledge is originated in the senses as much as in reason. |
