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atmosphere
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is the layer of gases that surrounds Earth
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Relative humidity
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is the ratio of water vapor the air contains to the maximum amount it could have at that temperature
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Air pressure
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is the force exerted by air on the area below it
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troposphere
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the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the one directly above the ground
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stratosphere
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is the layer of the atmosphere above the troposphere
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ozone layer
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Ozone is concentrated in a portion of the stratosphere
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mesosphere
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the layer that extends 50-80 kilometers (31-50 miles) above se level
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thermosphere
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is the top layer, which begins about 80 kilometers (50 miles) above Earth's surface and extends upward into space
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radiation
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the transfer of energy through space
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conduction
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is the transfer of heat directly between two objects that are in contact with one another
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convention
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is the transfer of heat by the movement of currents within a fluid
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convention currents
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sinking cool air and rising warm air
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air mass
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thoughout a large body of air
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front
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the boundary between air masses that differ intemperature and moisture
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air pollution
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is the release of damaging materials into the atmosphere
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emissions
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the substance released
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fossil fuels
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are carbon-containing fuels that formed millions of years ago from the remains of living things
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primary air pollutants
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such as soot and carbon monoxide, are polutants released directly into the troposphere
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secondary air pollutants
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harmful products produced when primary air pollutants react chemically with other substances
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smog
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is an unhealthy mixture of air polluntants that may form over cities and nearby areas
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temperature inversion
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is the condition in the troposphere in which a layer of cooler air is located beneath a layer of warmer air
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acid deposition
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water vapor containing acids that falls to the ground as rain, snow, sleet, or hail
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clean air act
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protects and improves the quality of air in order to safeguard human health and the environment
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catalytic converter
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is a device in a motor vehicle that reduces the amount of air pollutants in emissions
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scrubber
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removes pollutants or changes them chemically before they leave factory smokestacks
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ozone hole
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for the area of lowered ozone concentration over Antartica that occurs every year from August until October
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Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
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are a family of chemical compounds containing chlorine, fluorine, and carbon
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Montreal Protocol
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a treaty that limits the production of chlorofluorocarbons
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