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atmosphere
is the layer of gases that surrounds Earth
Relative humidity
is the ratio of water vapor the air contains to the maximum amount it could have at that temperature
Air pressure
is the force exerted by air on the area below it
troposphere
the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the one directly above the ground
stratosphere
is the layer of the atmosphere above the troposphere
ozone layer
Ozone is concentrated in a portion of the stratosphere
mesosphere
the layer that extends 50-80 kilometers (31-50 miles) above se level
thermosphere
is the top layer, which begins about 80 kilometers (50 miles) above Earth's surface and extends upward into space
radiation
the transfer of energy through space
conduction
is the transfer of heat directly between two objects that are in contact with one another
convention
is the transfer of heat by the movement of currents within a fluid
convention currents
sinking cool air and rising warm air
air mass
thoughout a large body of air
front
the boundary between air masses that differ intemperature and moisture
air pollution
is the release of damaging materials into the atmosphere
emissions
the substance released
fossil fuels
are carbon-containing fuels that formed millions of years ago from the remains of living things
primary air pollutants
such as soot and carbon monoxide, are polutants released directly into the troposphere
secondary air pollutants
harmful products produced when primary air pollutants react chemically with other substances
smog
is an unhealthy mixture of air polluntants that may form over cities and nearby areas
temperature inversion
is the condition in the troposphere in which a layer of cooler air is located beneath a layer of warmer air
acid deposition
water vapor containing acids that falls to the ground as rain, snow, sleet, or hail
clean air act
protects and improves the quality of air in order to safeguard human health and the environment
catalytic converter
is a device in a motor vehicle that reduces the amount of air pollutants in emissions
scrubber
removes pollutants or changes them chemically before they leave factory smokestacks
ozone hole
for the area of lowered ozone concentration over Antartica that occurs every year from August until October
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
are a family of chemical compounds containing chlorine, fluorine, and carbon
Montreal Protocol
a treaty that limits the production of chlorofluorocarbons