Front (Term)	Back (Definition)
Absolute vs. Relative	Absolute refers to the actual leukocyte number in thousands per microliter. This is the most important number to consider.Relative refers to the percent of each cell type.
Acanthocyte	A red blood cell with multiple, variably sized, irregular membrane projections that are due to alterations in the ratio of membrane cholesterol to phospholipids.
Acanthocytes	Erythrocytes with abnormal blunt projections.
Agglutination	Clumping of red blood cells that is usually due to cross-linking of red blood cell surface-associated antibodies.
Agranulocyte	A white blood cell that does not contain secondary granules. The two types of agranulocytes are lymphocytes and monocytes.
Anemia	A condition in which the hemoglobin, packed cell volume, and red blood cell count decrease below the normal reference range.
Anisocytosis	A variation in the size of cells; in hematology, this is most often used to describe variation in the size of red blood cells.
Asymptomatic (Covert) bacteriuria	Significant bacteriuria which is unassociated with detectable signs or routine laboratory evidence of urinary tract disease. The infection is confined to the urine.
Atypical	Not normal, not usual.
Autoagglutination	Spontaneous clumping or agglutination of erythrocytes in drawn blood.
Autoimmune Diseases	An immunologic disorder whereby the body destroys part of itself; with erythrocytes an antibody attaches to its membrane causing early destruction by the body.
Azotemia	Azotemia is defined as the presence of abnormal concentrations of urea, creatinine, and other nonprotein nitrogenous substances in blood, plasma, or serum. Azotemia is a laboratory finding and may or may not be caused by generalized lesions of the renal parenchyma.
Azurophilic granules	Cytoplasmic granules that stain pink to reddish-purple with Wright's stain.
Bacteriuria	The presence of bacteria in urine. It is not synonymous with urinary tract infection.
Band cell	A type of white blood cell with a nuclear membrane that has parallel sides, although slight indentations may be present. Band cells can be of the neutrophilic, eosinophilic, or basophilic lineage.
Band cell	A type of white blood cell with a nuclear membrane that has parallel sides, although slight indentations may be present. Band cells can be of the neutrophilic, eosinophilic, or basophilic lineage.
Bar cell	A red blood cell with a central bar-shaped outfolding. This cell is also known as a knizocyte.
Baruria	Urine of high specific gravity and high osmolality.
Basophil	A white blood cell of the granulocytic lineage with a segmented nucleus, purple cytoplasm, and often purple cytoplasmic granules.
Basophilia	The reaction of a cell to Wright's stain resulting in a bluish-stained cytoplasm; also describes the color of the cytoplasm of toxic neutrophils or refers to an increase in the number of basophils in the circulation.
Basophilic	A bluish color on Wright's-stained preparations; also refers to basophils.
Basophilic stippling	The presence of very small, dark blue staining bodies within the red blood cell. The stippling is usually due to RNA accumulation but may be associated with iron accumulation.
Basophils	Granulocytes containing purplish to blue-black (canine) or lavender (feline) cytoplasmic granules and slightly lobulated nuclei.
Blister cell	A red blood cell with a membrane vacuole.
Bone marrow	The central portion of long, flat, and irregular bones that is the principle site of hematopoiesis.
Bovine Acute Inflammatory Leukogram	Significant left shift of at least 300 bands/ul- WBC normal to < 1,000- Normal to decreased neutrophils- Marked left shift resembling degenerative change in other species- Absolute lymphopenia
Bovine Chronic Inflammatory Leukogram	Neutrophilia with significant left shift of at least 300 bands/ul- WBC may reach 20,000- Toxic changes with increased severity
Buffy coat	A layer of white blood cells and platelets that collects immediately above the red blood cells in centrifuged whole blood; it has a whitish appearance.
Burr cell	An oval to elongated red blood cell with multiple, fine projections
Canine Inflammatory Leukogram	Significant left shift of at least 1,000 bands/ul- WBC of 20,000-35,000/ul is common- Regenerative if WBC elevated above normal- Degenerative if WBC normal or below- Toxic changes indicate increased severity
Chromatin	A complex of DNA and nuclear proteins.
Codocyte	A red blood cell with an extra round outfolding of membrane in the middle of the cell that gives the cell a target-like appearance. This cell is commonly known as a target cell.
Concentration of urine	Tubular modification of glomerular filtrate so that more water is removed than solute. The specific gravity of glomerular filtrate is approximately 1.008 to 1.012. while the osmolality is approximately 300 mOsm liter. Concentrated urine has a higher specific gravity and higher osmolality than glomerular filtrate.
Coombs' Test	An erythrocyte agglutination test which when positive indicates the presence of globulin autoantibodies on erythrocyte surfaces.
Crenation	An in vitro artifact that results in the formation of red blood cells with multiple, regular-shaped, small fine points on the cell membrane.
Cytoplasm	The portion of the cell that is exclusive of the nucleus. back to top
Dacryocyte	A teardrop-shaped red blood cell that may be seen in animals with myelofibrosis.
Degenerative Left Shift	Reflects an inappropriate bone marrow response and poor prognosis- Normal or below normal leukocyte count with a significant left shift- Bands neutrophils approaching numbers of segmented neutrophils with any white cell count
Dilution of urine	Tabular modification of glomerular filtrate so that more solute is removed than water. Dilute urine has a lower specific gravity and lower osmolality than glomerular filtrate
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)	A pathophysiological state that may develop due to damage of endothelial cells, activation of platelets, and activation of the coagulation system. This results in often severe life-threatening bleeding abnormalities
Dohle bodies	Discrete blue staining oval bodies that are often found in cat neutrophils; may represent toxemic effect of disease.
Dohle body	A small, round to irregular, blue structure in the cytoplasm of cells of the neutrophilic lineage. It is an abnormal aggregate or RNA in the cell and one sign of toxicity.
Dyserythropoiesis	Myelodysplasia of cells of the erythrocytic lineage
Dysgranulopoiesis	Myelodysplasia of cells of the granulocytic lineage.
Dysthrombopoiesis	Myelodysplasia of platelets.
Eccentrocyte	A red blood cell with a crescent-shaped clear area that is eccentrically placed. This cell is formed due to oxidant-induced damage to the red blood cell membranes.
Echinocyte	A red blood cell with multiple, small, delicate, regular-shaped spines distributed evenly around the membrane. The most common cause of echinocyte formation is an in vitro artifact known as crenation
Eosinophil	A white blood cell of the granulocytic lineage with reddish to reddish-orange granules in the cytoplasm.
Eosinophils	Granulocytes containing prominent granules that stain red with Wright's stain.
Erythremic myelosis	Abnormal proliferation of erythrocytic cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow.

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