Alain Resnais	New Wave French film director. Night and Fog, Hiroshima Mon Amour.
Marguerite Duras	New Wave French screenwriter and film director. Hiroshima Mon Amour.
Ennio Morricone	Composer – spaghetti westerns (A Fistful of Dollars, Cinema Paradiso
Spaghetti Western	Sub–Hollywood genre of western film, one film every week, typical American western turn on its head, nearly 400 made in 60s. Italo–Spanish. Clint Eastwood. Low budget.
Perception Reality	As in Blow–up – can film really capture reality? Reality is based upon perception.
Francis Veber	Directed The Dinner Game. Master of comedic situations.
Roberto Benigni	Comedic Italian actor – father in Life is Beautiful. Marxist and atheist (ironically). New Italian Cinema.
Juliette Binoche	Actress in Chocolat, Three Colors: Blue, Dan in Real Life
Jean–Pierre Melville	We watched interview – started doing films on location, low budget. French filmmaker – directed Bob le Flambeur, minor actor in Breathless. French New Wave 'reporting' style. Film noir.
Pier Paolo Pasolini	Italian film director, homosexual. Memorial in Caro Diario.
Sergio Leone	Italian spaghetti western director. Closeup vs. long shots. Directed A Fistful of Dollars trilogy
Clint Eastwood	Actor in A Fistful of Dollars – huge acting and directing career.
Andre Bazin	French film critic and theorist. Fan of American Cinema and Italian Neorealism. Co–founder of Cahiers du Cinema. Supported deep focus, wide shots, mise–en–scene, auteur theory
Maria Grazia Cucinotta	Italian actress in Il Postino
Michelangelo Antonioni	Italian modernist film director, neorealist semi–documentary style. Directed Blowup. Focused on middle class. Film noir (shadows, night...)
Michael Radford	English film director. Il Postino.
Krzysztof Kieślowski	Polish film director – The Decalogue, Three Colors, films of social realism
Robert Bresson	French film director – spiritual style. Mouchette (girl with pathetic life who kills herself). Deep Catholic style.
Jean–Luc Godard	French/Swiss filmmaker, founder of French New Wave. Director of Breathless (Humphrey Bogart), revised Trouffeau's script, jump cuts, went against all the rules
Massimo Troisi	Italian actor and director. Role in Il Postino.
Philippe Noiret	French actor. Alfredo in Cinema Paradiso and Pablo Neruda in Il Postino.
Emmanuelle Riva	French actress. Woman in Hiroshima Mon Amour, mother in Three Colors: Blue
Francois Truffaut	Founder of French New Wave, icon of French film history. "A Certain Tendency in French Cinema" article – Cinema de Papa. (Tradition of quality is cinema of old men). Auteur theory – filmmaker is the author of the film. Director of 400 Blows, Fahrenheit 451. Wrote Breathless script for Godard
Nanni Moretti	Italian director and actor. Caro Diario. Focused on the social body, social identity, very personal voice. One of most innovative New Italian Cinema directors.
Giuseppe Tornatore	Italian film director, directed Cinema Paradiso
French New Wave	Rejection of classical cinema, spirit of youthful iconoclasm. Ritual of daily life, auteur is greater than studio, centered in love of Paris, sympathy for losers, homage to past authors, low budget, innovative and revolutionary techniques. 1. Cahiers du Cinema (Alexandre Astruc and Andre Bazin with François Truffaut (400 Blows), Jean–Luc Godard (Breathless), Claude Chabrol (The Cousins), Jean Rivette). 2. Left Bank (more artistic, cinema used for artistic means
Jean Seberg	American actress, starred in Breathless
Antoine Doinel	Fictional character invented by Truffaut – "stand in"
Jean–Paul Belmondo	French actor in New Wave. Major character in Breathless.
Jean–Pierre Jeunet	French film director. Amelie
Continuity Editing (vs Soviet Montage)	Smoothing over the inherent discontinuity of the editing process and establishing a logical coherence between shots. Balanced figures, constant lighting, central action. Temporal and spatial.
Soviet Montage (vs Continuity Editing)	Form of editing. Clips aren't seen as next to each other, but on top of each other. Short takes are overlaid with music, very rhythmic. Cutting shots, cutting sounds based on time, combining shots for better effect.
180 Degree Rule	Axis of Action. Two characters should always have same left–right relation to each other. Crossing the line = reverse angle. Used in Breathless.
Eyeline match	Camera shows character looking at something, then next shot shows the object being looked at.
leitmotiv	Recurring musical theme.
Shot reverse shot	One character looks at another offscreen, and the other character is shown looking back at the first character. Actors are looking opposite directions, so at each other. Conversation between two characters – camera films over shoulder.
kuleshov effect	Film editing (montage) effect. Series of shots that causes observer to draw conclusions by association.
sound mixing	more than one sound is combined into a scene. (speech, sound, music...)
Alexandre Astruc	"cinema stylo" – like a writer with film, wields his camera. Filmmaker is the author. No constraints of traditional storytelling.
Cinema Nostalgia	Cinema Paradiso and Il Postino. Back to the good old days. Response to crappy film in the 80s – led to New Italian Cinema.
PanEuropean Cinema	Unification of Europe, color and music
New Italian Cinema	Revival after decline of Italian Neorealism, rebirth, defeat of Nazi–Fascism. 1. International Cinema 2. Comedies – parodies and autobiographies 3. Neo–neorealism (Italy's heritage of 1940s and 50s) 4. Cinematic Nostalgia (reflection of personal artistic visions of directors)
Auteur Cinema	(Francois Truffaut) Director is the author of the work. Intellectual movement targeting youth. Focused on social roles. Directors: Fellini, Roseelini, Pasolini. Accommodations to change. Very sensual materials in films.
Cahiers du Cinema	Truffaut and Godard first issues
New Wave filmmakers vs "cinema du qualite"	Older films criticized for film structure, older directors, relying on big budget films (bordering on 1940s French and typical Hollywood productions), against French film industry
Jean Renoir quote	dfs"400 Blows is really a portrait of France." Saying that the movie is sadly realistic – there is really a repression of talent.
Alain Resnais	New Wave French film director. Night and Fog, Hiroshima Mon Amour.
Marguerite Duras	New Wave French screenwriter and film director. Hiroshima Mon Amour.
Ennio Morricone	Composer – spaghetti westerns (A Fistful of Dollars, Cinema Paradiso
Spaghetti Western	Sub–Hollywood genre of western film, one film every week, typical American western turn on its head, nearly 400 made in 60s. Italo–Spanish. Clint Eastwood. Low budget.
Perception Reality	As in Blow–up – can film really capture reality? Reality is based upon perception.
Francis Veber	Directed The Dinner Game. Master of comedic situations.
Roberto Benigni	Comedic Italian actor – father in Life is Beautiful. Marxist and atheist (ironically). New Italian Cinema.
Juliette Binoche	Actress in Chocolat, Three Colors: Blue, Dan in Real Life
Jean–Pierre Melville	We watched interview – started doing films on location, low budget. French filmmaker – directed Bob le Flambeur, minor actor in Breathless. French New Wave 'reporting' style. Film noir.
Pier Paolo Pasolini	Italian film director, homosexual. Memorial in Caro Diario.
Sergio Leone	Italian spaghetti western director. Closeup vs. long shots. Directed A Fistful of Dollars trilogy
Clint Eastwood	Actor in A Fistful of Dollars – huge acting and directing career.
Andre Bazin	French film critic and theorist. Fan of American Cinema and Italian Neorealism. Co–founder of Cahiers du Cinema. Supported deep focus, wide shots, mise–en–scene, auteur theory
Maria Grazia Cucinotta	Italian actress in Il Postino
Michelangelo Antonioni	Italian modernist film director, neorealist semi–documentary style. Directed Blowup. Focused on middle class. Film noir (shadows, night...)
Michael Radford	English film director. Il Postino.
Krzysztof Kieślowski	Polish film director – The Decalogue, Three Colors, films of social realism
Robert Bresson	French film director – spiritual style. Mouchette (girl with pathetic life who kills herself). Deep Catholic style.
Jean–Luc Godard	French/Swiss filmmaker, founder of French New Wave. Director of Breathless (Humphrey Bogart), revised Trouffeau's script, jump cuts, went against all the rules
Massimo Troisi	Italian actor and director. Role in Il Postino.
Philippe Noiret	French actor. Alfredo in Cinema Paradiso and Pablo Neruda in Il Postino.
Emmanuelle Riva	French actress. Woman in Hiroshima Mon Amour, mother in Three Colors: Blue
Francois Truffaut	Founder of French New Wave, icon of French film history. "A Certain Tendency in French Cinema" article – Cinema de Papa. (Tradition of quality is cinema of old men). Auteur theory – filmmaker is the author of the film. Director of 400 Blows, Fahrenheit 451. Wrote Breathless script for Godard
Nanni Moretti	Italian director and actor. Caro Diario. Focused on the social body, social identity, very personal voice. One of most innovative New Italian Cinema directors.
Giuseppe Tornatore	Italian film director, directed Cinema Paradiso
French New Wave	Rejection of classical cinema, spirit of youthful iconoclasm. Ritual of daily life, auteur is greater than studio, centered in love of Paris, sympathy for losers, homage to past authors, low budget, innovative and revolutionary techniques. 1. Cahiers du Cinema (Alexandre Astruc and Andre Bazin with François Truffaut (400 Blows), Jean–Luc Godard (Breathless), Claude Chabrol (The Cousins), Jean Rivette). 2. Left Bank (more artistic, cinema used for artistic means
Jean Seberg	American actress, starred in Breathless
Antoine Doinel	Fictional character invented by Truffaut – "stand in"
Jean–Paul Belmondo	French actor in New Wave. Major character in Breathless.
Jean–Pierre Jeunet	French film director. Amelie
Continuity Editing (vs Soviet Montage)	Smoothing over the inherent discontinuity of the editing process and establishing a logical coherence between shots. Balanced figures, constant lighting, central action. Temporal and spatial.
Soviet Montage (vs Continuity Editing)	Form of editing. Clips aren't seen as next to each other, but on top of each other. Short takes are overlaid with music, very rhythmic. Cutting shots, cutting sounds based on time, combining shots for better effect.
180 Degree Rule	Axis of Action. Two characters should always have same left–right relation to each other. Crossing the line = reverse angle. Used in Breathless.
Eyeline match	Camera shows character looking at something, then next shot shows the object being looked at.
leitmotiv	Recurring musical theme.
Shot reverse shot	One character looks at another offscreen, and the other character is shown looking back at the first character. Actors are looking opposite directions, so at each other. Conversation between two characters – camera films over shoulder.
kuleshov effect	Film editing (montage) effect. Series of shots that causes observer to draw conclusions by association.
sound mixing	more than one sound is combined into a scene. (speech, sound, music...)
Alexandre Astruc	"cinema stylo" – like a writer with film, wields his camera. Filmmaker is the author. No constraints of traditional storytelling.
Cinema Nostalgia	Cinema Paradiso and Il Postino. Back to the good old days. Response to crappy film in the 80s – led to New Italian Cinema.
PanEuropean Cinema	Unification of Europe, color and music
New Italian Cinema	Revival after decline of Italian Neorealism, rebirth, defeat of Nazi–Fascism. 1. International Cinema 2. Comedies – parodies and autobiographies 3. Neo–neorealism (Italy's heritage of 1940s and 50s) 4. Cinematic Nostalgia (reflection of personal artistic visions of directors)
Auteur Cinema	(Francois Truffaut) Director is the author of the work. Intellectual movement targeting youth. Focused on social roles. Directors: Fellini, Roseelini, Pasolini. Accommodations to change. Very sensual materials in films.
Cahiers du Cinema	Truffaut and Godard first issues
New Wave filmmakers vs "cinema du qualite"	Older films criticized for film structure, older directors, relying on big budget films (bordering on 1940s French and typical Hollywood productions), against French film industry
Jean Renoir quote	"400 Blows is really a portrait of France." Saying that the movie is sadly realistic – there is really a repression of talent.

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