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Process that kills all forms of microbial life, including spores.
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Sterilization
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Process that destroys pathogens but not all microorganisms and spores.
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Disinfection
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Methods of sterilization.
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Incineration
Moist heat Dry heat Filtration Ionizing (gamma) radiation |
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Most common method of treating infectious waste.
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Incineration
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Temperature used for incineration.
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870°-980°C
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Prions are eliminated through what method?
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Incineration
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Safest method to ensure that no infective materials remain in samples/containers.
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Incineration
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Sterilizes biohazardous trash and heat-stable objects by using autoclaves.
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Moist heat
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Saturated steam in moist heat to irreversibly denature enzymes and structural proteins.
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15 psi (1 atmosphere)
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Culture media, liquids, and instruments are autoclave for how long?
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15 mins. at 121°C
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Infectious medical wastes are autoclave for how long?
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30-60 mins. at 132°C
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Exposure time of dry heat to sterilize glasswares, oil, petrolatum, or powders.
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1.5 to 3 hrs.
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Temperature required for dry heat sterilization.
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160°-180°C
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Filters air inside the lab to remove organisms larger than 0.3 um.
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HEPA filter
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Sterilizes plastic syringes, catheters, or gloves before use.
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Ionizing (gamma) radiation
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Most common chemical sterilant.
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Ethylene oxide (EtO)
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Sterilizes HEPA filters in BSCs.
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Formaldehyde vapor
Vapor-phase H2O2 |
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Sporicidal agent for medical equipments (ex: bronchoscopes).
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Glutaraldehyde
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Physical methods of disinfection.
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Boiling
Pasteurization Non-ionizing (UV) radiation |
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How long it takes in pasteurization to kill food pathogens without damaging nutritional value.
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15 secs. at 72°C
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How long does it takes in boiling to kill vegetative bacteria?
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15 mins. at 100°C
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Chemicals used to destroy all microbial life.
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Biocides
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Disinfectants used on living tissue (skin).
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Antiseptics
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Level of resistance to disinfectants from MOST to LEAST.
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Bacterial spores
Mycobacteria Non-enveloped viruses Vegetative bacteria Enveloped viruses |
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Why increased water content in alcohol disinfectants is effective in killing pathogens?
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Increased water hydrolizing bonds in protein molecules make killing of microorganisms more effective.
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Non-sporicidal, thus, limitedly used as antiseptics to the skin.
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Ethyl alcohol
Isopropyl alcohol |
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Dilution of sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) to be used to clean surfaces after blood spills, as per CDC.
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1:10
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Why follow the manufacturer's product insert in diluting the disinfectants?
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To release the free chemical for surface disinfection.
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What is the former name of Standard Precautions (1996)?
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Universal Precautions (1987)
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Ordinary combustibles.
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Class A fire
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Flammable liquids.
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Class B fire
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Electrical fire.
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Class C fire.
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Combustible metals (Metal X).
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Class D fire
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Explosive/arsenals.
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Class E fire
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Combustible fats and oils.
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Class K fire
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Recommended type of electrical plugs used in the lab.
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Three-pronged, grounded plugs
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Correct way of mixing acid and water.
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Acid to water
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Non-microbiology lab. workers are mostly infected by what pathogenic agents?
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Viruses
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Infectious wastes such as agar plates are disposed into ___ for sturdiness.
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2 leak-proof plastic bags
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Standard Precautions is not applied on what body fluid?
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Sweat
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Vertical laminar flow BSC.
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BSC 2
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BSC 2 type where exhaust air is self-contained (70% air is recirculated).
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BSC 2A
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BSC 2 type where exhaust air is discharged outside the building.
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BSC 2B
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Most hospital clinical microbiology lab. uses what type of BSC 2?
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BSC 2A
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An eyedrop solution containing 1% silver nitrate for newborns to prevent Neisseria gonorrhoeae is already prohibited due to?
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Mercury content
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BSL level where organisms do not cause disease and do not pose a risk to humans. No special containment is required.
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BSL 1
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BSL level where organisms pose moderate health risks to humans.
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BSL 2
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BSL level containing airborne organisms which pose a more serious or lethal risk to humans.
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BSL 3
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BSL level containing organisms which pose a lethal risk to humans and no vaccines/treatment available.
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BSL 4
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Pathogens in BSL 1.
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Bacillus subtilis
Naegleria gruberi |
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Pathogens in BSL 2.
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HIV
HBV Salmonella |
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Pathogens in BSL 3.
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Bacillus anthracis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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Pathogens in BSL 4.
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Ebola virus
Smallpox Marburg virus |
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UN number for "Infectious Substance Affecting Humans".
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UN 2814
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UN number for "Infectious Substance Affecting Animals".
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UN 2900
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Prions are handled at what BSL level?
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BSL 2
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Prions can be employed as effective bioweapons due to their 100% fatality rate with no known treatment but has an unfavorable aspect. What is it?
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Long incubation period.
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Type of water that may reduce the rate of killing microorganisms.
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Hard water
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QC microorganism for autoclaves.
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Bacillus stearothermophilus
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