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Intro
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- oldest civilization
- helped by the long distances that separates it from Europe and other countries |
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Early Civilizations and the Dynasties
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4,000 years old. It created its own culture by mixing others.
Dynasties - way of government and choose families with power to rule. 1st Shang - powerful, ruled a central area for 600 yrs 2nd Zhou - powerful, ruled the Northern China and entered by force 3rd Qin - gave the name to China, united all the states that were separated, lasted 2,000 yrs 4th Qing - started to push China to Central Asia that bring home nomadic tribes but this also bringed problems. Emperors of dynasties were angry making it to collapse. Manchus were overthrown by revolutionaries that ended dynasties and the Chinease Empire. |
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China Opens Up the World
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- closed because they didnt want invasions
- Marco Polo the first to entered wrote a book and more people started to enter. - Europe wanted access to Chinease market because they were weak the got to enter and have control over some areas. - The treaties Chinease were forced to sign were unfair. |
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spheres of influence
Boxer Rebellion |
A way of controling an area to control laws and have special privilages. Britain, France, Germany, Russia, and Japan.
It was their fought back. |
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Revolution and Change
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Qing Dynasty - to reform the Chinese government, it was late because individuals and groups wnated to form a republic.
Chiang Kai - shek took his place. Problems and rebellions emerged because it was not a traditional government. When he died Mao Zedong defeated nationalist. Mao died Deng Xiaoping became leader. - Hu Jintao president - Wen Jiabao premier took responsibility for overseeing economic reforms - improve the standard of living |
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Rural and Industrial Economies
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wanted to modernize China encouraging growth of industry. From 1950 - 1970 the government planned economic activities. Failed more than it succeed. Led China to allow the marketplace and the consumer to play a role in the economy.
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Rural Economy
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- a self-sufficient in agriculture due to its great river valleys.
- has only 13% of land for farming because is made up mountains and deserts. - eastern river basins produce crops such as rice, maize, wheat, and sweet potatoes. |
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Industrial Economy
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- has abundant resources such as coal, iron ore, and oil. helps with manufacture.
- Shanghai leads China as a center of manufacture because is one of the great industrial centers in the world. - a huge textile industry for home market and export to other countries like the USA. - southeastern China industrialization centers include: Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Suzhuo, Wuhan and Wuxi. |
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A Rich and Complex Culture
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Has one the world's richest cultures. Highly developed art, architecture, literature, painting, sculpture, pottery, printing, music, and theater. have made influential contributions to the cultures.
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From Pottery and Painting
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we could found history in pottery. Pottery, bronze vessels, and jade disks that have been discovered in the excavation of old tombs. Using different materials, such as clay, bronze, jade, ivory, and lacquer.
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Chinese Inventions
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Included paper, printing, and gunpowder. Also compass, porcelain, and silk cloth.
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Religious and Ethical Traditions
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3 religions or ethical tradictions. The beliefs of people include elements of all three.
- buddhism- came from India and grew by the 300s A.D. Influenced by Confucianism and Taoism. The important ideas are rebirth and the end of the rebirth cycle. - confucianism- Confucius a Chinese philosopher believed in respect for the past and for ones ancestors. Children should obey their parents and parents should obey the government and emperor. Stressed the importance of education. - taoism- From a book called Tao-te Ching, based on the teaching of Lao-tzu. Believed in preserving and restoring harmony in the individual and the universe. Thought people should be left alone and do as little as possible. |
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The Most Populous Country
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1 out of 5 of Asians live in China
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Population Patterns
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In 2007 the estimated population was 1.32 billion. 40-50 cities have population of more than 1 mill people. 32 provinces and 5 autonomous regions have more people than entire countries. 2005 - Henan province was estimated to have 98 mill more than Great Britain.
- 70% live in 24 provinces in the east - 6% live in the west on 55% of land |
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Health Care
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pursued a dual strategy in developing health care system. People make use of traditional Chinese medicines as herbal remedies. Acupuncture important too. Doctors use Western medicine to treat diseases. The West drugs and surgery are used to treat illnesses. Cities have hospitals and villages have clinics staffed with trained medical workers called barefoot doctors.
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