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Cómo estudiar sus tarjetas
Teclas de Derecha/Izquierda: Navegar entre tarjetas.tecla derechatecla izquierda
Teclas Arriba/Abajo: Colvea la carta entre frente y dorso.tecla abajotecla arriba
Tecla H: Muestra pista (3er lado).tecla h
Tecla N: Lea el texto en voz.tecla n
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Aspiration
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Voiceless plosive. Initial position of stress syllable followed by a vocalic sound.
NEVER if preceeded by /s/. [h] small after de plosive. |
Voiceless plosives
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/p/ /t/ /k/
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Labialization
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A consonant followed by vowel #9 (u:) - #7 (o:) - diphthong (ue) or semiwovel (w).
[w] small after de labialized segment. |
Nasalization
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DO NOT AFFECT CONSONANTS.
Vowels or diphthongs followed or preceeded by a nasal. The little wave above the nasalized sound. |
Nasals
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/m/ /n/ /long n/
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Prefortisclipping
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Long vowels or diphthongs followed by a voiceless sound in the same syllable.
The happy mouth above the affected sound. |
Nasal release
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Plosive followed by a nasal. Also in word boundaries.
A little N after the affected plosive. |
Plosives
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/p/ /b/
/k/ /g/ /t/ /d/ |
Lateral release
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Plosive followed by a lateral. Also in word boundaries.
A little L after the affected plosive. |
Gemination
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Two homorganic plosives together. Both plosives are incomplete. The first one loses its last stage, the second one loses its first.
A line joining both sounds from below. |
Release masking
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Non-homorganic plosives. The release of the first plosive is masked by the onset of the second one. The first one is incomplete.
A kind of > after de first sound. |
Omission of the onset
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Nasal followed by a homorganic plosive. The onset of the plosive is omited.
A kind of ´ joining the nasal with the plosive from above. |
Homorganic nasal and plosives.
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/n/ - /d/ /t/
/m/ - /p/ /b/ /long n/ - /k/ /g/ |
Non audible release.
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Plosive in final position o followed by a pause.
Marked with a kind of ' |
Dentalization
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When an alveolar sound is followed by a dental they change their place of articulation to dental.
Marked with the kind of tooth below the alveolar sound. |
Dental sounds.
|
The one in think, and the one in the.
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Alveolar
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/t/ /d/ /s/ /z/ /n/ /l/
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Sillabicity
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A consonant takes the nucleus of the syllable when there's no vowel. (For ex. when shwa is ellided).
Its marked with a kind of , after the syllabic consonant. |
Simmilitude
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When a velar sound is followed by a front vowel the production is a bit advanced (Marked with a + below the velar).
When is followed by a back vowel (Marked with a - below the velar). |
Velar sounds
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/k/ /g/ /long n/
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Dark lateral or velarization
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Clear lateral: Before a vowel or a yod.
Dark lateral: In all other positions (Marked with a little wave crossing the lateral) |
Devoicing (PLOSIVE - AFFRICATE - FRICATIVE)
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When there's a pause, or the following sound is voiceless.
Marked with a little circle below the devoiced sound. |
Devoicing (NASALS)
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When preceeded by /s/ in the same syllable.
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Devoicing (APPROXIMANTS)
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Only devoiced when there's aspiration.
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Phonemic regressive assimilation of place.
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Word final /t,d,n/ assimilate to the place of the following consonant, when followed by /p,b,m,k,g,long n/
/s,z/ are replaced by /sh* voice o less/ when followed by palatals. |
Phonemic progressive assimilation of place
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/n/ turns to /m/ after /p/ /b/
/n/ turns to /long n/ after /k/ /g/ |
Regressive phonemic assimilation of voice
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/v/ to /f/
and /z/ to /s/ When the following sound is voiceless |
Phonemic progressive assimilation of voice
|
Voiceless sound + /s/ /t/
Voiced sound + /z/ /d/ In plurals, pasts, present of the third person. |
Linking
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Gemination and release masking.
Linking r (when appears in spelling) |
Affricates
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The one in church.
The one in joke. |
Fricatives
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/f/ /v/
The one in thought - the one in the. /s/ /z/ /sh*/ voiced /sh*/ voiced /h/ |
Approximants
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yod
/w/ |
Palatals
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The one in church, the one in joke, both sh*, and the yod.
|