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Simple tense: present and past
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simple tenses do not normally have an auxiliary verb in affrimative sentence. Use do/does/did in an auxiliary is needes.
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Perfect verb forms
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present: have/has + past participle
past: had + past participle future: will + past participle |
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Continuous (progressive)
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be + verb+ ing
present: am/is + verb + ing past: have/has + verb + ing |
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Continuous (progressive)
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be+ verb+ ing
past continuous: was/were+ verb + ing past perfect continuous: had been+ verb + ing Future continuous: will be + verb + ing |
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Modal verbs
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nine ( will, would, can, could, shall, should, may, might, must)
follow by an infinitive without to ( have to, need to, etc) |
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Subject questions
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What clauses
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more emphatic
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Present habit (what)
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actions that are repeated regularly over a log period of time
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Present habit (frequency)
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Simple present used with adverbs ( usually, sometimes, once a week)
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A fox COMES into our garden ALMOST EVERY NIGHT.
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Present habits (predictable or characteristics behaviour)
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will/won't+ infintive
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A hungry fox WILL ATTACK pet rabbits
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Present habits (repeated behaviour (negative))
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keep +verb+ ing
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If your newspaper KEEPS PUBLISHING this type of journalism, tou will lose loyak readers.
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Present habits (exaggerate or complain)
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present continuous + always/forever/constantly
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The gutter press IS FOREVER FILLING its pages with sensationalist stories.
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Past habits ( past habits)
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used to + infinitive and would+ infinitive to talk about past habits
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EVERY NIGHT he and his dog SAT down to dinner together.
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Past habit (past states qnd habitual past actions)
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used to + infinitive
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Each dog USED TO HAVE its own personal servant.
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Past habit (habitual past habits)
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would + infinitive
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He WOULD DRIVE in his carriage with half a dozen dogs inside.
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Past habit ( states)
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We cannot use would + infinitive to talk about states.
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Adolphus Cooke a firm believer in reincarnation.
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Be/ Get used to
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be+used to= situations or actions that are already familiar.
be+get used= they are becoming familiar with the new situation. |
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Defining & non-defining relative clauses
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Give information about a noun.
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Defining & non-defining relative clauses
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that, who, wich (people and things)
whose (her, his, their, etc) when, where (time and place) |
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Participle clauses
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present participle (ing)
past participle (ed) |