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How can you explain that morality has an evolutionary origin?
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Because theres is continuity with other animlas, mainly mammals, regarding empathy and compassion, prosocial tendencies and reciprocity and fairness.
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What are the moral behaviours that we can observe in some animals?
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Cooperation, reciprocity, empathy, altruism, fairness.
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According to de Waal, which are the pillars of morality?
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1- Reciprocity and fairness.
2- Empathy and cooperation. |
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The mutualistic theory
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Morals function is to regulate the individual interactions so that they are equitable, like the social contract theories say, morals exists because it is advantageous.
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What are the two levels in human morals?
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Moral sense/moral sentiments moral reason.
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What is the difference between natural morals and natural foundations of morals?
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Natural morals means that they come from the natural order, bad actions are the unnatural ones. However, there is no natural morals, but rather natural foundations of morals, which means that moral is like the vision, the tact or the smell, it is a sense.
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Why is the Theory of Natural Law not accepted in Ethics?
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Because it is a religious theory, which seems to confuse "is" and "ought".
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What makes us human?
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-Neuroplasticity
-Symbolic systems -Mind, consciousness, self -Liberty, rationality, morality Cultural revolution - |
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Neuroplasticity
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The ability to create mental maps, like learn new things or adopt new actions or habits.
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Symbolic systems
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At the same time created by human and human is defined by them.
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Mind, consciousness, self
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Consciosness: knowledge of one's own existence and sorroundings.
Self: the singular voice of the conscious brain. |
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Liberty, rationality, morality
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Liberty of rationality, to trascend th immediate world.
Rationality: abstract thinking. Moral being: the law we prescribe to ourselves- Autonomous beings: Human Dignity. |
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Cultural revolution
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Devices of regulation like justice systems, economic and political organizations, arts, medicine.
Human beings are the only ones who are able to live their lifes as a project, we are able to design a vision of future. |
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Born to rebirth
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Education and a continous learning process. We become more human through education, so we are continously perfectible.
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