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BAROQUE
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Relating to a style of architecture and art originating in Italy in the early 17th century and variously prevalent in Europe and the New World for a century and a half, characterized by free and sculptural use of the classical orders and ornament, by forms in elevation and plan suggesting movement, and by dramatic effect in which architecture, painting, sculpture, and the decorative arts often worked to combined effect.
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THE COUNTER-REFORMATION
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The Counter-Reformation was a period of spiritual, moral, and intellectual revival in the Catholic Church in the 16th and 17th centuries, usually dated from 1545 (the opening of the Council of Trent) to 1648 (the end of the Thirty Years' War). The Counter-Reformation has roots going back to the 15th century, and is therefore sometimes called the Catholic Revival or the Catholic Reformation.
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REFORMATION
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The religious movement in the 16th century, marked ultimately by rejection or modification of some Roman Catholic doctrine and practice and establishment of the Protestant churches.
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THE COUNCIL OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
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The council of the Roman Catholic Church that met between 1545 and 1563 at Trent in S Tyrol. Reacting against the Protestants, it reaffirmed traditional Catholic beliefs and formulated the ideals of the Counter-Reformation.
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VANITAS
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A still life artwork which includes various symbolic objects designed to remind the viewer of their mortality and include symbols such as skulls and extinguished candles. However vanitas still-lifes also include other symbols such as musical instruments, wine and books to remind us explicitly of the vanity of worldly pleasures and goods. . The term originally comes from the opening lines of the Book of Ecclesiastes.
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TENEBRISM
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It escribes a style of painting characterized by deep shadows and a distinct contrast between light and dark areas. In essence, it is a compositional in which some areas of the painting are kept completely black, allowing one or more areas to be strongly illuminated. These pictures are sometimes referred to as "night pictures" painted in the "dark manner." Tenebrism is most often used in connection with works created during the Mannerism and Baroque eras, notably by Caravaggio (1571-1610), as well as other tenebristi in Naples, the Netherlands and Spain.ç
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CHIAROSCUERO
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This is an Italian term which literally means 'light-dark'. In paintings the description refers to clear tonal contrasts which are often used to suggest the volume and modelling of the subjects depicted.Artists who are famed for the use of chiaroscuro include Leonardo da Vinci and Caravaggio.
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OBELISK
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An obelisk is a tall stone pillar a stone pillar having a square or rectangular cross section and sides that taper towards a pyramidal top, often used as a monument in ancient Egypt and that has been built in honour of a person or an important event.
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SOLOMONIC COLUMN
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A type of column distinguished by its twisted spiral shaft, similar in shape to a corkscrew, which can support any order. This column design has its origins in a set of columns given for the decoration of old St Peter’s, Rome, supposedly by the Emperor Constantine, which were believed to have come from the biblical Temple of Solomon.
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Transparnete of Toledo´s Cathedral
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Is a Baroque altarpiece in the ambulatory of the Cathedral of Toledo. It refers to the unique illumination provided by a large skylight cut very high up into the thick wall across the ambulatory, and another hole cut into the back of the altarpiece itself to allow shafts of sunlight to strike the tabernacle. It was created in 1729-1732 by Narciso Tomé and his four sons
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